Gear-grinding machine



Nov. 9 1926. 1,606,097

A. J.AO,TT ET AL GEAR GRINDING mcnml Filed-Jan. 29. 1923 9 sneaks-sheet1 m W am 1 J v/ l. l. Uva. @l fm Nov. 9, 1926. 1,606,097

A. J. OTT El' AL GEAR GRINDING MACHINE F'i1ed Jan. 29, 192s- 9Sheetsheet 2 Nov'. 19 1926. 1,606,097 A. J. .OTT ET Al'. u

GEAR @BINDING MACHINE Filed Jan. 29, 1923 9 Sheets-Sheet '3 www.

attac/nego Nov. 9., 1926.,`

A. J. OTT ET AL GEAR GRINDING MACHINE moans? Filed Jan. 29,` 1923 9Sheet-'Set Nov. 9 1926.

A. J. o'r'r er AL GEAR GRINDING MACHINE 9 sheets-sheet s Filed Jan.- 29.1923 A. J. OTT El' AL Nov. 9, 1926. www? GEAR GRI NDING MACHI NEFiledJan. 29. 192s 9 Sheetssheet e gnou/WOM Nov. 9,1926. y y A1,606,097

A. J. OTT ET AL GEAR `(J'r-RIIUDIG MACHINE Filed Jan. 29. 1923 9 sheets-Sheet A'7 anomaly Nov. 9 i926.

A. J. OTT El' AL GEAR, GRINDNG MACHINE Filed Jan. 29, 1923 9 Sheetsyeet'a Nov. 9, 1926. 4 1,606,097

A. J. 4o-rr Er AL GEAR .GRINDING MACHINE FilledJan. 29. 192s' I 9Sheetsfsheet 9 attomut l.ALBEIEPZL J. OTT AND CONRAD L. OTT, OF DETROIT,MICHIGAN, ASSIGNORS TO AMERI- CAN caminan co.,

F DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A 'CORPORATION 0F MICHIGAN.

GEABfGBINDING MACHINE.

Application led January 19528. Serial No. 615,588.

The invention relates' to machines. for grindinggears and particularlyto a 'type 'i of machine in which the 'tooth contour is developed bymeans oafgenerating 'move- 'p ment.

The object of the invention is the provision of a compact machine forthe ra id i l production of accurately ground gears, t at v second, by awork v positively reciprocates the slide carrying the within easy reac-thereby reducing the gear teeth, the workarbor-F is rotate to itsreciprocation thereby causthe work' is, gears having teeth-of 'propercontour and accurate spacing, vboth of which conditions are necessaryfor the quiet running of intermeshi'ng'gears.

This is accomplihed as follows: first, byl quick loading of the gear tobe ground properly aligned with the grindin mechanism; driving mec anismwhich and is provided with a quick return, y time for each cycle ofoperation to a minimum yconsistent with grinding practice; third, bautomatically stopping the work for detac ing the ground gear;I fourth,h placing all control levers 'fof the'operator, and ';v fifth,

by the arrangement ofthe component parts otthefmachine to provideaccessibility in order that adjustments ma be easily made for grindinggears-of 4di erent sizes and forms.

` In general ssts of a base rotatable grinding wheel B having aplanesurface arranged at an angle with 'the work correspondingy to thepressure angle of the gear? tooth to be ground.' 4The base is -pro-/vided with guide ways D for carrying a Aslide E on which is journaled awork holdving arbor F. The' slide is reciprocated by means of a cam drumG having a suitable earn slot therein cooperating vwith a roller Securedto said slide to impart the desired reciprocatory mot-ion. 1n order toproduce a generating movement for grindmg work constructionl the.machine concorresponding ing a relative rolling movement of and thegrinding wheel correspondingto the intermeshing of the gear withra racktooth. For this pur ose a cylinder H of a diameter equal tot e gear isjournaled in a ignmenty with ythe arbor F and iexible tapes I .are woundp therearound and extended in yopposite direc- A, to which is secured aflthe' itch circle of the tions, in a plane tangential to the cylinderwhere the are secured to a table on the base of t e machine. Thecylinder I-Iv is vconnected to the arbor 'F through an indexp ytransmits the rotation of the cylinder to' the worky yarbor. Thus byreciprocating the slide E ing mechanism J which norma a rolling movementis imparted to the gear C which generates the contour of the gear In therearward stroke of thev reciprocation of the slide E the gear C iscarried out of engagement with the grinder wheel B and in order toprovide for the' indexing after the gear has entirely cleared thegrinder wheel, the slide is still continued hackan amount correspondingto the rotation off one gear tooth whereupon the` c linder is again-coupled with the arbor an the rolling motion again imparted to the gearblank 8o Y.

to brin the next successive toothin contact with t eV grinder wheel.Alfn this manner each reciprocation of the slide causes a successivetooth' to be ground until each of the teeth have been finished, when anautomatic stop mechanism K operates a clutch L for disconnecting thedriving vmeans and stopping-slide E. 11

One of the features of the 'construction is the arrangement of the arborF and the tapes l and it will be noted that 'the work is'located at oneend of the arbor while they v cylinder H and the tapes I are at theoppol site Aend and the `guideways D are located A centrally of the a r.With this `construe-p.

tion the tapes are readily accessible and may be easily adjusted andcylinder H may be very small in diameter making it possible to grindsmall gears.

Another feature is the arrangement of the driving mechanism for bypositively. actuating the slideby means of a rdrum cam the rearward'reciprocation et the slide is made quicker than the forward stroke,thereby inereasingthe production speed. .Also in this construction thetapes are used only for rotating the work holding arbor and are,

Figure 2 is a transverse section on the line. 2 2 of Fi ure'1 lookingfrom the left side of the mac ine;

Figure 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of Figure 1 looling from the rightside of the machine with the grinder wheel mechanism removed; Figure 4is a longitudinal section on the line 4 4 of Figure 3 looking from therear of the machine;

Figure is a rear view showing the indexing mechanism and the tapes foractuatlng the work spindle;

Figure 6 is a plan view of the indexing mechanism shown in Figure 5; l

Figure 'I is a similar view to Figure' 5 showing the operation oftheindexing mech# anism; 1 K

' Figure 8 is an enlarged longitudinal section of the automatic stopmechanism on the grin lresmct to the grinding wheel.

line l8---8 of Figure 3;

` Figure 9 is a similar view to Figure V8- With the parts shown inelevation; Y

Figure l0 is a sideelevation of the entire machlne;

Figures 1l and 12 show two positions of the ear in rolling engagementinto the ger wheel; 'Figure-13' illustrates the position of the gearduring the indexin movement;

Figure 14 shows the development of the cam drum G;

Figure 15 is a plan/view of the mechanism shown in Figure 1 for locatingthe gear with e grinder ywheel B is rotatably mounted 'on averticallyadjustable carriage 1 which slides upon the vertical ways 2 onthe base A A. Preferably. the Awheel is of relatively large diameter inorder that'the root lof the tooth lmay be ground without providing arelative movement of thegrinder wheel longitudinally ofthe ear teeth.The plane of the grinder wheel is dis osed at an angle to the plane ofthe work ide E,A this angle beinlg equal to the pressure-angle 4of theear toot to be round thereby forming in e ect a rack tooth with whichthe gear C intermeshes. The grinding surface of the wheel B is shown at3 whilethe opposite surface 4 is tapered to provide clearance betweenthe back edge ofthe wheel and the tooth adjacentto the one being ground.The grinder wheel B is suitabl secured upon a hub 5 by means of an annuar ring 6 and the screws 7 threadedly engage a flange 8 thereby clamp'-in `the grinder wheel to the hub. 9 is an other which is'journaled intapered bearings moches carriage. A suitable scale 12 is provided forindicating the angle at which the housing is set. The lower end of theshaft is tapered at 13 for receiving the hub 5 which is keyed theretoland held into engagement by the threaded cap 14. To preventlongitudinal f `movement of the shaft-9 there is provided a l thrustbearing 15 which is housed in a cylin drical member 16 threadedlyengaging the hand wheel 17. The latter is rotatably mounted .u on thehousing 10 and provided with a graduated scale 18 so that longitudinaladjustment of the shaft 9 may be effected by rotation of the hand wheel.Keyed upon the` shaft 9 is the pulley 19 which is connected withsuitable driving means, not

shown, for rotatin the grinder wheel. A

grinder wheel housing 20 is secured to the shaft housin l104 by thebolts 21 and incloses the entire w eel with the exception of the topportion for engaging the gear wheel C. In order to generate the surfaceof the geartooth the work arbor must be given bothya rotary and areciprocatory motion and the frame is, therefore, provided with thehorizontal guide-ways D on which is mounted the slide E. F orreciprocating this cai*- rlage there is afdepen'ding pin 22 on which isjournaled a roller 23 en aging in the cam slot 24 of the cam drum Thiscam slot is arranged to give thedesired reciprocatory motion for onerevolution of the cam drum and it is preferably so` shaped that on theforward stroke of the carriage the latter is given a substantiallyuniform motion while the grinder wheell is in engagement with Aa. geartooth, but on the rearward stroke the speed is increased, therebycompletingthe cycle in a shorterperiod of time than with the usual formsof driving mechanism.

The cam drum is mounted upon a shaft 25 journaled at 26 in the frame Aand receiv'es its power from ashaft 27 also journaled in the frame A bymeans of a suitable train of gears 28, 29, 30, and 31. 32 is a drivingpulley journaled in alignment with the shaft 27 and connected thereto bya clutch 33 prottl which extends outward' to the rear of the ,machineand is provided-with the flexible tapes IV wound therearound inalternate directions and extended out in a plane 'tangential to thecylinder and parallel to the guideways D. The tapes are secured to thecylinder by the clamps 37 and the bolts 38 while the outer ends areclamped to a horizontal carriage 39 mounted in guideways 40on avertically adjustable carriage 41 upon the base A. The cylinder isconnected to a liange 42 which is secured to a second flange 43journaled in a, bearing 44 lin the slide E. Within these iianges 42 and43 is an indexing wheel 45 which is secured to the work arbor F and isnormally locked inl engagement. with the flanges thereby coupling thecylinder H and the arbor F. Thus when the slide E is reciprocated, thearbor F is given a rolling motion with respect to the. grinding wheel B.

In order to index the machine whereby radial guideway 47 in which anindex plun ger slide 48 is inserted. The slide has secured thereto alaterally extending plunger 48a adapted to engage with the slots 46 andnormally held in engagement by a spring 49 disposed between a lateralflange 50ct the slide and a seat 51 upon the lian e 43. The slide-isformed with a tail portion 52, the outer surface of which forms acircumference of a'A circle concentricpwith the index wheel and a roller53 is journaled on the under side of the slide. During the oscillationof the cylinder H the slide 48 is rotated with the ange 43 and normallycarries the index wheel 45 therewith. In order to disengage theplungerv48a during the forward portion of the oscillation a member 54 ispivoted upon the carriage of the machine in the path of the roller 53and is provided with a cam surface 55 normally held in the path of theroller 53 by a sprinv 56. The arrangement is such that the rolller tripsthe member 54 at the completion of its rearward oscillation and on theforward stroke the roller rides upon the cam surface 55 thereby, movingthe index plunger slide 48 radially 'outward and disengaging the plunger48a from the slot 46 in the index wheel.

56 is a stop plunger arranged in alignment with the slot 46 from whichthe plunger 48a is withdrawn by the cam surface 55. The plunger isnormally held out of engagement by means of a sprintf 57. 58 is a rockerarm pivoted upon the carriage of the machine and having the arms 59 and60, the former extending adjacent to the plunger 56 and the latterprovided with a roller 61 arranged in the path of the tail52of the indexplunger slide 48. As shown in Figure` 7 during the forward movement ofthe cai-- riage the slide 48 is moved radially' out- Ward by the camsurface 55 thereby engag ing the roller 61'with the tail portion of theslide 48. Thisyrocks the arm 58 and inserts the stop plunger 56 in theslot 46 of the index wheel from which the plunger 48JL has beenremoved., In continuing the forward movement the slide 48 is rotated butthe index wheel is held stationary by the stop plunger 56. However, assoon as the plunger 48a has been moved into alignment with the next slot46 it is forced therein by the spring 49 and as the roller 61 is nowfree gear is rolled into and out of engagementwith the grinder wheel togenerate the contour of one gear tooth and at the end of eachreciprocation the gear is indexed to bring an adjacent tooth intoengagement with the grinder wheel. This cycle is con tinued until allthe teeth have been ground and in order to stop the operation of thevmachine at this oint there is provided a mechanism for re easing theclutch 33 from the driving pulley 32.

A. sleeve 58surrounds the shaft 27 and *l sleeve 58 and at the other endto a "clutch lever 62 engaging in an annular slot 63 in the clutch 33.lThe shifting lever is supv ported upon an arm 64 of a rocker lever 65pivotally attached to the bracket 58 by a pin 66 and provided at itsother end wfth an arm 67 extending at right angles to the arm 64. Foractuating the rocker lever there is la handle 67 upon one end ot' alever 68 pivotally supported at 69 and connected to the arm 67vby across link 70. Normally the clutch 33 is .held out of engagen'ient bythe spring but by operating the handle 67 it is moved into engagementwith the teeth 35 of the pulley 32 thereby starting the slide E inoperation.

A Spring pressed lever 71 pivoted at 7 2 engages with a lug 73 upon thehandle 67 and locks the same to hold the clutch in engagement.- Forvdisengag ring the clutch it is necessary to actuate the lever 7 1against the tension of the spring 74 and for this purpose aA ratchetmechanism is employed actuated by the reciprocation of the carriageafter a redetermined number of cycles. In detail tiis mechanismcomprises a ratchet wheel 75 which is journaled upon a pin 76 lll,

supported by the upwardly extending portion 77 of the frame A. 78 is adial also journnled upon the pin 76 and provided With a boss 79 at theperiphery thereof in which is inserted a longitudinally slidable pin 80having at the lower end thereof a ratchet tooth 81 engaging with theratchet Wheel 75. A spring 82 normally holds the tooth 81 in engagement'with the ratchet wheel While a knob 83 is used for withdrawing thesame. 84 is a stop lever mounted upon the pin 76 and adjustably clampedagainst the shoulders 76b in order that it may be set in anypredetermined position corresponding with the numbers upon the dial 78.For operating the ratchet wheel there is a spring pressed pawl 85pivoted upon an arm 86 journaled upon the pin 76. A cam surface 87 uponthe arm 86 is arranged in the path of a dog 88 carried by a member 89actuated by the slide-E. The arrangement is such that upon eachreciprocation of the slide the dog 88 rides upon the cam surface 87,thereby advancing the ratchet wheel `75 one tooth. 85 is a stop pawlengaging the ratchet Wheel 75, allowing it to move in only onedirection. The ratchet wheel carries with it the dial 78 and the tooth81 and after a predetermined numberpof reciprocations the tooth isbrought into registration with a cam surface 90 upon an arm 91 of thelever 71 and the cam surface 92 upon the tooth cooperates-With thecamsurface 90 to trip the lever 91, thereby withdrawing the lever arm 71from the dog 73 Y upon the handle 67'.

automatically thrown out by the operatingr The clutch is then spring Thestop arm 84 may be setv to correspond with the number of teeth upon thegear to be ground and when it is desired to start the machine inoperation the tooth 81 is withdrawn from engagement with the ratchetwheel 75 by means Aof the handle 83 1 and the latter-is then rotateduntil it strikesV be manually tripped by operating the han die 93 whichis mounted on the lever arm 91..`

As previously mentioned the gear C is clamped against the shoulders 36ot the arbor F by means of a nut 36h and in replacing a finished gearwith a new blank it is necessary to accurately position the same on thearbor in order to insure the proper en gagement with the grinder wheel.-For this purpose a shaft 94 is mounted in the slide E parallel to thearbor F and is provided at its outer end with a slotted vmember r95clamped upon the shaft and provided with ears 96 for mounting a lever 97extending transversely to the axis of the shaft 94: and pivotallysecured to the ears bythe bolt 98. Secured to one end of the lever 974is a finger 99 having at its outer end a tooth 100,'onel surface ofwhich isada ted` to engage with the teeth of the gear This surface 101is arranged at an angle with the center line between the shaft 94; andthe arbor F corresponding to the pressure. angle of. a gear tooth to beground. The member 95 is provided with a spring pressed plunger 102 engaging the lever 97 at the opposite side of the pivot 98 from the finger99.` B of this spring pressed plunger the nger 99 is normally held outof engagement with the ear wheel C but by manually pressing upon t iearm 103 of the lever 97 the finger 99 mayy be brought into engagementwith the gear C as shown in the dotted lines in Figure 15.

Since the gear blank C is rotating withv respect to the finger 99 duringthe reciprocation of the slide E it is necessary to stop the slide E ina predetermined position when it is desired to use the finger 99 foraligning means y the gear C with the grinding mechanism.

B the tooth 100 upon the iinger 99 it maybeV usedto position the gear Cupon the arbor F so thatit will properly mesh with the grinder wheelduring the subsequent operar tion. the'arbor F it is placed upon thespindlew and the finger 99 is brought intoengagement with a tooth bvmanually pressing the lever 97 against the action of the Spring pressedplunger 102. The gear may then be rotated uponthe spindle untilvthegear'tcoth engages With' the tooth 100 of the finger 99 whereuponfit'maybe secured'to the arbor f by means of the nut 36". As soon as pres-Lsureis released trom the lever 97 it will automatically return toinoperative position.

1n Figures 11,12, and 1?), the method of rolling the gear bla-nk C uponthe grinder wheel B if; illustrated. The gear C is Shown rot-atingclockwise about the center 104 and having a. motion of translation tothe right in the direction of the arrow `which corresponds to therearward reciprocation of the slide E. lThe tooth 105 meshing with thegrinderwheel B in Figure 11 is shown in Figure 12 in a position about toleave the grinder and the rearward motion' continues In replacing a newgear blank upon lio until, as shown in Figure 13, the gear is entirelyclear of the grinder. Upon the forwhen the rolling motion is againimparted thereto and it will be noted that the tooth 105 ywill clear theperiphery lof the grinder wheel while the tooth 106 lwill engage thesaine and as the forward motion continues will roll upon the grinderWheel in the same marini-r as represented in Figures 12 and 11.

In Figure 10, the side' elevation of the entire machine is shownillustrating a motor 107l mounted upon the base A and driving acounter-shaft 108 which is controlled by a clutch 109 operated by thelever 110 extending within easy reach of the operator. lVhile themachine is shown as being motor driven it is obvious that any othersuitable source of power might be connected to the shaft 108. A pump 111mounted upon the base of the machine is driven from the shaft 108 andmay be used for supplying a cooling fluid to the grinder wheel'.

For truing the grinding surface 3 there is provided a trimming mechanism112 consisting of a leverN 118 pivotally supported upon a bracket 114mounted upon ,the housinglO in such a manner that the plane of rotationof thelever is parallel to the plane of the grinding surface 3. Alateral extending arm 115 mounted upon the lever 112 contains 'a trimmer1.16 adjustable by means of the knob 117 What We claim as our inventionis 1., A gear grinding machine comprising a frame, a grinder wheelhaving a Working surface lying in a plane inclined at an angle to the`hoii ontal axis of the Work, said grinder wheel being of relativelylarge diameter whereby it is adapted lto simultaneously operate over theentire width of a gear tooth, an arbor adapted to receivey the gear toybe rround, 'said arbor being arranged above said grinder wheel, andmeans for simultaneously imparting horizontal reciprocatory movement andoscillatory movement to said arbor wliereb7 the gear is given a rollinggenerating movement with respect to said working surface.

2. In a geargrinding machine, the combination of a frame havingguideways thereon,

a carriage reciproeable on said guideways,

a work holding arbor journalled on said carriage, a rotatable grinderwheel in operative. relation with the work on said arbor, a cam followersecured to said carriage, a rotatable drum having a cam groove on theperi liery thereof adapted to cooperate with sai cam follower toreciprocate said carriage, said cam groove being so formed as to imparta faster movement to said carriage during a portion of the cycle Whilethe grinder wheel is not in grinding engagement with the work,

means for rotating said drum, a rotatable' member normally connected tosaid arbor and flexible tapes wound upon said rotatable member andsecured to said frame to impart a rolling inotion to the work withrespect t0 said grinder wheel.

3. In a gear grinding machine, the combination of a frame havingguideways therei on, a carriage reciprocable on said guide-f Ways, awork holding arbor journalled on said carriage, a rotatable grinderWheel inv operative relation lo the work on said arbor, a cam followerupon said carriage, a rotatable druin having a cam groove on theperiphery thereof adapted to cooperate with saidl cam follower toreciprocate said Carriage, said cam groove being s0 formed as to imparta relatively slow feeding movement and a relatively faster returnmovenient to said carr-iaffe, mea-ns for rotating said drum, a rotatablemember yupon said carriage normally coupled to -saidvarbon and iexibletapes wound upon said rotatable member and secured to said frame toimpart a rolling motion to the Work with respect to said grinder Wheel.

4. In a gear grinding machine, the coinbination with a rotatable grinderwheel, of a work holding arbor, means for simultaneously reciprocatingand rotating said arbor vrelative to said grinder Wheel to generate agear tooth on the Work, means for automatically indexing said arborafter each reciprocation to present a successive tooth to said grinderWheel, and means for automatically stopping thereciprocation of saidarbor after a predetermined number of the teeth have been ground.

5. In a gear grinding'l machine, the combination of a frame havingguideways thereon, a carriage reciprocable on said guideways, a workholding arbor journaled on said carriage, a rotatablel grinder wheeliikoperative `'relation with the Work, a cam for reciprocating saidcarriage, means for rotating said arbor corresponding to the reciprotothe work, means for driving said cam, a

clutch between the driving means andsaid cam, a spring for yieldinglyholding said clutch out of engagement, a lever for throwing saidclutchinto engagement against the action of said spring, a spring catchengageable with said lever to hold said clutch in engagement, a ratchetWheel operable by the reciprocation of said carriage, and a trip carriedby said ratchet Wheel for releasing said 'spring catch after apredetermined number of reciprocationsb 6. ln a gear grindin machine,the coinbiiiation with a rotatab e grinder wheel, of a Work holdingarbor, means for simultaneously reciprocating and rotating said arborrelative to said grinder wheel to generate a gear tooth on the Work,means for stopping the movement of said arbor in a predeterminedposition of 1ts cycle, and means engageable wlth the Work when 1n saidpredetermined position for angularly locating the same upon the arbor,whereby a tooth of the Work will mesh with said grinder wheel during thesubsequent movement of said arbor.

7. In a gear grinding machine, the conibination with a rotatable grinderwheel, of a work holding arbor, means for securing a gear upon saidarbor, a cam for reciproeating said arbor relative' to said grinderwheel, said cam being provided with a dwell Causing said arbor to have amomentary rest at a predetermined point in its reciprocation, means forrotating said arbor cors responding to the reciprocation thereof toimpart a rolling movement to said gear, means for automatically stoppingsaid arbor in said predetermined position, and means engageable with atooth of said ear vwhen the arbor is in said predetermined position forangnlarly locating the gear upon said arbor.

8. In a gear grinding machine, the combmation with a rotatable grinderwheel, of a work holding arbor, means -for securing a gear upon saidarbor, a cam for recipro-` cating said arbor having a dwell to providevjournaled on said carriage, and means for securing a gear upon saidarbor, a cam for reciprocating said carriage, said cam having a dwellcausing a momentary pause in the reciproeation of said carriage, meansfor rotating said arbor to impart a rolling movement to said gear, andmeans for au-v tomatically stopping said arbor in said predeterminedposition, a lever pivotally secured to said carriage, a nger at one endof said lever adapted to engage a tooth of said gear, forangularlylocating the same upon said arbor, and a spring normall holding saidfinger out of engagement wit said gear. r i

In testimony whereof we ax our signatures.

ALBERT J. o'r'r,l CONRAD L. oTT.

